See figiel on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "figlarny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "z figlów"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlarka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlarz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psie figle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "figlować"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "pofiglować"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "nafiglować"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 0 3 3 2 30 30 29",
"sense": "particles",
"word": "o mały figiel"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fígl"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fígeľ"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "fíhelʹ",
"word": "фі́гель"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "gmh:vigilje<ety:der<la:vigiliae>><ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Mańczak, Witold (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2017), “figiel”, in <cite>Polski słownik etymologiczny</cite> (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, <small>→ISBN</small></span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Sławski, Franciszek (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1958-1965), “figiel”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, <cite>Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological dictionary of the Polish language</cite>] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Adam Fałowski (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2022), “figle-migle”, in <cite>Słownik etymologiczny polszczyzny potocznej</cite>, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, <small>→ISBN</small></span></span>>",
"etydate": "1522<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, <span style=\"cursor:help;border-bottom: 1px dotted currentcolor\" title=\"[[w:pl:Stanisław Rospond (językoznawca)|Stanisław Rospond]], [[w:Witold Taszycki]], [[w:pl:Stefan Hrabec|Stefan Hrabec]], [[w:pl:Władysław Kuraszkiewicz|Władysław Kuraszkiewicz]]\">et al., editors (2010-2023), “figiel”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>>",
"text": "*",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin vigiliaeder.\nMiddle High German vigiljebor.\nPolish figiel\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vigiliae\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"vigilje\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"figiel\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"figiel\">\nBorrowed from Middle High German vigilje, from Latin vigiliae. First attested in 1522.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wigilia",
"3": "Wigilia",
"t1": "eve",
"t2": "Christmas Eve"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of wigilia (“eve”) and Wigilia (“Christmas Eve”)",
"name": "dbt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "figlować",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from figlować",
"name": "bf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "figulāre//figulus",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin figulāre /figulus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "figūra",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin figūra",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin vigiliaeder.\nMiddle High German vigiljebor.\nPolish figiel\nBorrowed from Middle High German vigilje, from Latin vigiliae. First attested in 1522.. A shift of noisy night-time visits to houses and churches, vigils for the dead, combined with drinking, witchcraft, and sorcery > a wicked act, a magic trick, a ruse, a joke occured because of to the behavior of participants in such medieval customs condemned by the Church at the time. Doublet of wigilia (“eve”) and Wigilia (“Christmas Eve”).\n* Bańkowski prefers to see a back-formation from figlować, from Latin figulāre /figulus with a special medieval meaning to model figures from clay or wax for magical purposes with a semantic shift to to draw magical figures (signs). He also suggests 18th century authors reborrowed the term from Mikołaj Rej, who used it often in the 16th century, and very few others used it aside from him.\n* Brückner states that this term is derived from Latin figūra via the dialectal form figuły, refuted by most etymologists.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "figiel",
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "figielek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "figlik",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "figiel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figlom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figiel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figlami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figlach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "figle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"links": [
[
"a",
"a/languages M to Z#Polish"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figiel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figlom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figlami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figlach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "figle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chwigiel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "śïgel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml,m-in",
"dim": "figielek,figlik"
},
"expansion": "figiel m animal or m inan (diminutive figielek or figlik)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fi‧giel"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"fi‧giel"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fig",
"2": "l",
"3": "a",
"4": "figiel",
"5": "figlów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fig",
"2": "l",
"3": "a",
"4": "figiel",
"5": "figlów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlarność"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlarstwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlarzyna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlasek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "figlarnie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 8 8 14 8 14 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Comedy",
"orig": "pl:Comedy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"joke (something done to make someone laugh)"
],
"id": "en-figiel-pl-noun-kjSf8ljH",
"links": [
[
"joke",
"joke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat colloquial or Zagórze) joke (something done to make someone laugh)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dowcip"
},
{
"word": "facecja"
},
{
"word": "kawał"
},
{
"word": "krotochwila"
},
{
"word": "psikus"
},
{
"word": "żart"
},
{
"word": "żarteczek"
},
{
"word": "żartek"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"english": "to play tricks",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "płatać/spłatać figle",
"translation": "to play tricks",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trick, prank"
],
"id": "en-figiel-pl-noun-UQz-NVVp",
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"prank",
"prank"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "psota"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"joke (unexpected event that causes an unpleasant surprise)"
],
"id": "en-figiel-pl-noun-T69M8-Af",
"links": [
[
"joke",
"joke"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 6 14 7 7 5 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 6 14 8 7 5 18 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"play (something done for pleasure)"
],
"id": "en-figiel-pl-noun-tyKlehHj",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":z(ins)<with whom/what>"
},
"expansion": "[with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom/what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"z",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘with",
"whom/what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"play",
"play"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the plural) play (something done for pleasure) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom/what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zabawa"
}
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 8 8 8 14 8 14 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Comedy",
"orig": "pl:Comedy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"play, petting (erotic caress)"
],
"id": "en-figiel-pl-noun-4GXMmKP7",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":z(ins)<with whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"z",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘with",
"whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"play",
"play"
],
[
"petting",
"petting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the plural) play, petting (erotic caress) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pieszczota"
}
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"joke (an object, drawing, decoration, etc. made in an inventive and witty way)"
],
"id": "en-figiel-pl-noun-E4zDgkjR",
"links": [
[
"joke",
"joke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) joke (an object, drawing, decoration, etc. made in an inventive and witty way)"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 8 8 8 14 8 14 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Comedy",
"orig": "pl:Comedy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trick (somtheing done to give the impression of e.g. magic, or to impress)"
],
"id": "en-figiel-pl-noun-J7cucQ~T",
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in the plural) trick (somtheing done to give the impression of e.g. magic, or to impress)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sztuka"
}
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 1 2 1 1 1 31 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 4 9 6 5 4 23 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 5 4 3 2 27 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 4 3 3 2 28 28 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 7 5 4 5 24 24 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 7 4 4 3 26 26 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 8 4 4 4 25 25 25",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 8 4 4 4 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 7 4 4 2 26 26 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 6 4 3 3 27 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 6 14 7 7 5 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 4 8 5 4 4 24 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 7 4 4 2 26 26 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 5 7 5 5 4 23 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish nouns with multiple animacies",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 6 14 8 7 5 18 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wicked deed, misdeed; excesses"
],
"id": "en-figiel-pl-noun-yfkXRkIg",
"links": [
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
],
[
"deed",
"deed"
],
[
"misdeed",
"misdeed"
],
[
"excesses",
"excesses"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) wicked deed, misdeed; excesses"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 1 2 1 1 1 31 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 4 9 6 5 4 23 23 22",
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"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 4 3 3 2 28 28 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 7 5 4 5 24 24 24",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 7 4 4 3 26 26 25",
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{
"_dis": "1 1 3 8 4 4 4 25 25 25",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 7 4 4 2 26 26 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 6 4 3 3 27 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 6 14 7 7 5 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 4 8 5 4 4 24 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 7 4 4 2 26 26 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 5 7 5 5 4 23 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish nouns with multiple animacies",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 6 14 8 7 5 18 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wicked deed, misdeed; excesses",
"cunning, trick, devil's trick, temptation"
],
"id": "en-figiel-pl-noun-UNa2deiJ",
"links": [
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
],
[
"deed",
"deed"
],
[
"misdeed",
"misdeed"
],
[
"excesses",
"excesses"
],
[
"cunning",
"cunning"
],
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"temptation",
"temptation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) wicked deed, misdeed; excesses",
"(Middle Polish) cunning, trick, devil's trick, temptation"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 1 2 1 1 1 31 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 4 9 6 5 4 23 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 5 4 3 2 27 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 4 3 3 2 28 28 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 7 5 4 5 24 24 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 7 4 4 3 26 26 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 8 4 4 4 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 8 4 4 4 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 7 4 4 2 26 26 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 6 4 3 3 27 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 6 14 7 7 5 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 4 8 5 4 4 24 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 7 4 4 2 26 26 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 5 7 5 5 4 23 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish nouns with multiple animacies",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 6 14 8 7 5 18 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trick, ruse, stratagem, method"
],
"id": "en-figiel-pl-noun-BNvvwZoh",
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"ruse",
"ruse"
],
[
"stratagem",
"stratagem"
],
[
"method",
"method"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) trick, ruse, stratagem, method"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfi.ɡjɛl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfi.ɡjɛl/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfi.ɡjɛl]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iɡjɛl"
},
{
"homophone": "Figiel"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mikołaj Rej"
],
"word": "figiel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish nouns with multiple animacies",
"Polish terms borrowed from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/iɡjɛl",
"Rhymes:Polish/iɡjɛl/2 syllables",
"Zagórze Polish",
"pl:Comedy"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "figlarny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "z figlów"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlarka"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlarz"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlas"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psie figle"
},
{
"sense": "particles",
"word": "o mały figiel"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "figlować"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "pofiglować"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "nafiglować"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fígl"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fígeľ"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "fíhelʹ",
"word": "фі́гель"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "gmh:vigilje<ety:der<la:vigiliae>><ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Mańczak, Witold (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2017), “figiel”, in <cite>Polski słownik etymologiczny</cite> (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, <small>→ISBN</small></span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Sławski, Franciszek (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1958-1965), “figiel”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, <cite>Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological dictionary of the Polish language</cite>] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Adam Fałowski (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2022), “figle-migle”, in <cite>Słownik etymologiczny polszczyzny potocznej</cite>, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, <small>→ISBN</small></span></span>>",
"etydate": "1522<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, <span style=\"cursor:help;border-bottom: 1px dotted currentcolor\" title=\"[[w:pl:Stanisław Rospond (językoznawca)|Stanisław Rospond]], [[w:Witold Taszycki]], [[w:pl:Stefan Hrabec|Stefan Hrabec]], [[w:pl:Władysław Kuraszkiewicz|Władysław Kuraszkiewicz]]\">et al., editors (2010-2023), “figiel”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>>",
"text": "*",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin vigiliaeder.\nMiddle High German vigiljebor.\nPolish figiel\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vigiliae\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"vigilje\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"figiel\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"figiel\">\nBorrowed from Middle High German vigilje, from Latin vigiliae. First attested in 1522.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wigilia",
"3": "Wigilia",
"t1": "eve",
"t2": "Christmas Eve"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of wigilia (“eve”) and Wigilia (“Christmas Eve”)",
"name": "dbt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "figlować",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from figlować",
"name": "bf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "figulāre//figulus",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin figulāre /figulus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "figūra",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin figūra",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin vigiliaeder.\nMiddle High German vigiljebor.\nPolish figiel\nBorrowed from Middle High German vigilje, from Latin vigiliae. First attested in 1522.. A shift of noisy night-time visits to houses and churches, vigils for the dead, combined with drinking, witchcraft, and sorcery > a wicked act, a magic trick, a ruse, a joke occured because of to the behavior of participants in such medieval customs condemned by the Church at the time. Doublet of wigilia (“eve”) and Wigilia (“Christmas Eve”).\n* Bańkowski prefers to see a back-formation from figlować, from Latin figulāre /figulus with a special medieval meaning to model figures from clay or wax for magical purposes with a semantic shift to to draw magical figures (signs). He also suggests 18th century authors reborrowed the term from Mikołaj Rej, who used it often in the 16th century, and very few others used it aside from him.\n* Brückner states that this term is derived from Latin figūra via the dialectal form figuły, refuted by most etymologists.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "figiel",
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "figielek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "figlik",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "figiel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figlom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figiel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figlami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figlach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "figle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"links": [
[
"a",
"a/languages M to Z#Polish"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figiel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figlom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figlami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "figlach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "figlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "figle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chwigiel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "śïgel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml,m-in",
"dim": "figielek,figlik"
},
"expansion": "figiel m animal or m inan (diminutive figielek or figlik)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fi‧giel"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"fi‧giel"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fig",
"2": "l",
"3": "a",
"4": "figiel",
"5": "figlów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fig",
"2": "l",
"3": "a",
"4": "figiel",
"5": "figlów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlarność"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlarstwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlarzyna"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "figlasek"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "figlarnie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Zagórze Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"joke (something done to make someone laugh)"
],
"links": [
[
"joke",
"joke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat colloquial or Zagórze) joke (something done to make someone laugh)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dowcip"
},
{
"word": "facecja"
},
{
"word": "kawał"
},
{
"word": "krotochwila"
},
{
"word": "psikus"
},
{
"word": "żart"
},
{
"word": "żarteczek"
},
{
"word": "żartek"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"english": "to play tricks",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "płatać/spłatać figle",
"translation": "to play tricks",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trick, prank"
],
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"prank",
"prank"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "psota"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"joke (unexpected event that causes an unpleasant surprise)"
],
"links": [
[
"joke",
"joke"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"play (something done for pleasure)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":z(ins)<with whom/what>"
},
"expansion": "[with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom/what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"z",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘with",
"whom/what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"play",
"play"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the plural) play (something done for pleasure) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom/what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zabawa"
}
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"play, petting (erotic caress)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":z(ins)<with whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"z",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘with",
"whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"play",
"play"
],
[
"petting",
"petting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the plural) play, petting (erotic caress) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pieszczota"
}
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"joke (an object, drawing, decoration, etc. made in an inventive and witty way)"
],
"links": [
[
"joke",
"joke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) joke (an object, drawing, decoration, etc. made in an inventive and witty way)"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"trick (somtheing done to give the impression of e.g. magic, or to impress)"
],
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, chiefly in the plural) trick (somtheing done to give the impression of e.g. magic, or to impress)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sztuka"
}
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"wicked deed, misdeed; excesses"
],
"links": [
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
],
[
"deed",
"deed"
],
[
"misdeed",
"misdeed"
],
[
"excesses",
"excesses"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) wicked deed, misdeed; excesses"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"wicked deed, misdeed; excesses",
"cunning, trick, devil's trick, temptation"
],
"links": [
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
],
[
"deed",
"deed"
],
[
"misdeed",
"misdeed"
],
[
"excesses",
"excesses"
],
[
"cunning",
"cunning"
],
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"temptation",
"temptation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) wicked deed, misdeed; excesses",
"(Middle Polish) cunning, trick, devil's trick, temptation"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"trick, ruse, stratagem, method"
],
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"ruse",
"ruse"
],
[
"stratagem",
"stratagem"
],
[
"method",
"method"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) trick, ruse, stratagem, method"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfi.ɡjɛl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfi.ɡjɛl/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfi.ɡjɛl]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iɡjɛl"
},
{
"homophone": "Figiel"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mikołaj Rej"
],
"word": "figiel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for figiel meaning in All languages combined (13.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['inanimate', 'canonical']: 'm' in 'figiel m animal or m inan (diminutive figielek or figlik)'",
"path": [
"figiel"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "figiel",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1241",
"msg": "probably incorrect canonical form 'm' ignored (probably tag combination missing from xlat_head_map)",
"path": [
"figiel"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "figiel",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: somewhat colloquial or Zagórze",
"path": [
"figiel"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "figiel",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: somewhat colloquial or Zagórze",
"path": [
"figiel"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "figiel",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.